Tsiku la World Diabetes ndi kampeni yodziwitsa anthu za matenda a shuga ndipo imachitika pa 14 Novembala chaka chilichonse.
Inatsogoleredwa ndi International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Tsiku lililonse la World Diabetes Day limayang'ana mutu wokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga;Type-2 shuga mellitus ndi matenda osapatsirana omwe amatha kupewedwa komanso ochiritsika omwe akuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi.Matenda a shuga a Type 1 sangapewedwe koma amatha kuthandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin.Mitu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga ndi ufulu wa anthu, matenda a shuga ndi moyo, matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri, shuga mwa anthu ovutika ndi omwe ali pachiopsezo, komanso matenda a shuga mwa ana ndi achinyamata.
Kodi matenda a shuga ndi chiyani?
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osatha omwe amapezeka kapamba akapanda kupanga insulini yokwanira kapena thupi silitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin yomwe limapanga.Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera shuga m'magazi.Hyperglycemia, kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga osalamulirika, omwe pakapita nthawi amatha kuwononga machitidwe ambiri amthupi, makamaka minyewa ndi mitsempha.
Kuyeza kokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga makamaka kuyezetsa shuga m'magazi, kuphatikiza kusala shuga wamagazi, kuyesa kwa glucose (OGTT), ndi glycosylated hemoglobin.Ngakhale kuyesa kwa glucose kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pangakhalenso zovuta zina.Mwachitsanzo, imatha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo kuwunika kamodzi kokha ngati kusala kudya kungayambitse matenda ena a shuga.apamwamba kapena abwinobwino.Popeza hyperglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa katulutsidwe ka insulini kapena zotsatira zake zamoyo, kapena zonse ziwiri, pakufunika zisonyezo zodziwika bwino za katulutsidwe ka insulin m'zachipatala.
Chiyambi cha insulin ndi C-peptide:
Insulinimakhala ndi ma amino acid 51 opangidwa ndi maunyolo awiri a peptide, A ndi B, olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi zomangira ziwiri za disulfide.Amachokera ku maselo a β-pancreatic.Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa shuga ndi kupanga glycogen, ndikuletsa gluconeogeneis.Potero kukhala bata la magazi shuga.
C-peptideimapangidwa ndi ma pancreatic β-cell ndipo imakhala ndi kalambulabwalo wamba, proinsulin, ndi insulin.Proinsulin imagawidwa kukhala molekyulu imodzi ya insulin ndi molekyulu imodzi ya C-peptide, motero kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumagwirizana ndi insulin yake, ndipo kuyeza C-peptide ndikuyesa zomwe zili mu insulin.Nthawi yomweyo, sichimapangidwa ndi chiwindi monga insulini mu kagayidwe kachakudya, ndipo theka la moyo wake ndi wautali kuposa insulini, motero C-peptide yomwe ili m'magazi am'magazi imakhala yokhazikika kuposa insulini, ndipo si. kukhudzidwa ndi insulin exogenous,Chifukwa chake imatha kuwonetsa bwino ntchito ya Pancreatic β-cell.
Zizindikiro zachipatala ndi ziti?
Insulin ndi C-peptide ndizizindikiro zodziwika bwino za insulin.Kupyolera mu mayesero awiriwa, odwala amatha kudziwa ngati akusowa insulini kapena akusowa insulini, kaya ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 shuga.
Type 1 shuga mellitus, omwe kale ankadziwika kuti matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, amawerengera pafupifupi10%chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka ana ndi achinyamata.
Choyambitsa chake ndikuti ma cell a pancreatic islet B amawonongeka ndi cell-mediated autoimmunity ndipo sangathe kupanga ndikudzipangira okha insulin.Pakhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma autoantibodies mu seramu kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 akapezeka, zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zimawonekera kwambiri, ndipo ketosis imakhala yokhazikika, ndiye kuti, pali chizolowezi cha ketosis, ndipo imayenera kudalira insulin yakunja kuti ipulumuke.Chithandizo cha insulin chikayimitsidwa, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha moyo.Mukalandira chithandizo cha insulin, ntchito ya ma cell a pancreatic islet B imayenda bwino, kuchuluka kwa ma cell B kumawonjezeka, zizindikiro zachipatala zimasintha, ndipo mlingo wa insulin ukhoza kuchepetsedwa.Iyi ndi nthawi yotchedwa honeymoon, yomwe imatha miyezi ingapo.Pambuyo pake, matenda akamakula.ndikofunikirabe kudalira thandizo lakunja kwa insulin kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi ndikuletsa kupanga matupi a ketone.
Type 2 shuga mellitus, omwe kale ankadziwika kuti matenda a shuga osadalira insulini, amawerengera pafupifupi90%mwa chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga, ndipo ambiri a iwo amapezeka pambuyo pa zaka 35.
Kuyamba kumakhala pang'onopang'ono komanso kobisika.Maselo a ma islet amatulutsa insulini yochulukirapo kapena yocheperako, kapena yabwinobwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa katulutsidwe kumasintha pambuyo pake.Pafupifupi 60% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amakhala onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.Kudya mopitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yayitali, kudya kwambiri kwa ma calorie ambiri, kuwonda pang’onopang’ono, ngakhalenso kunenepa kwambiri.Kunenepa kwambiri kumabweretsa kukana insulini, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo palibe chizolowezi chodziwikiratu cha ketosis.Odwala ambiri amatha kuwongolera shuga m'magazi pambuyo powongolera zakudya komanso mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic;Komabe, odwala ena, makamaka odwala onenepa kwambiri, amafunikira insulin yakunja kuti athe kuwongolera shuga wamagazi.Type 2 shuga mellitus ali ndi cholowa chodziwika bwino cha makolo awo.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda ashuga?
Akuluakulu okwana 422 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi anali ndi matenda a shuga mu 2014, kuchokera pa 108 miliyoni mu 1980. Komanso, chiwerengero cha matenda a shuga padziko lonse chawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri kuyambira 1980, kuchoka pa 4.7% mpaka 8.5% ya anthu akuluakulu.Matenda a shuga amapha anthu 3.4 miliyoni chaka chilichonse ndipo, ngati sachiza bwino, angayambitse zilema zakuthupi kuphatikizapo khungu.Izi zikusonyeza kuti ziwopsezo zomwe zingagwirizane nazo monga kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa zikuchulukiranso.Kukula kwa matenda a shuga kwakula mwachangu m'maiko opeza ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati kuposa m'maiko olemera kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi.Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kudzera mu chithandizo chamankhwala komanso kuwongolera khalidwe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso moyo wabwino ngati anthu athanzi.
Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tigawane nanu njira zingapo zopewera matenda a shuga:
1. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera kapena kuchepetsa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.Ndipotu kusachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda a shuga.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kuti minofu ikhale ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito insulini ndi kuyamwa shuga, komanso kumachepetsanso mphamvu ya maselo ena omwe amapanga insulini.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuli ndi phindu lina, ndiloti lingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa thupi.Malingana ngati mutha kuthera masiku 5 pa sabata mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 nthawi iliyonse, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi matenda a shuga.
2. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa kapena kuchepetsa matenda a shuga.Posankha zakumwa, muyenera kusankha madzi wamba, zakumwa zopanda shuga, kapena khofi wopanda shuga, komanso kupewa zakumwa zotsekemera.Ana ndi akuluakulu omwe amamwa zakumwa zotsekemera nthawi zambiri amakhala onenepa kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, zakumwa zotsekemera zimatha kuyambitsa kukana kwa insulin.Pankhani ya kudya mafuta, muyenera kupewa "mafuta oyipa" ndikusankha "mafuta abwino".Kudya mafuta a masamba ndi mafuta a mtedza kumatha kukulitsa kuvomereza kwa shuga ndi ma insulin receptors mu minofu yamunthu ndikuthandizira kupewa matenda amtundu wa 2.Chepetsani kudya zakudya zamafuta osinthidwa, monga buledi woyera ndi mpunga, chifukwa zimatha kukweza shuga m'magazi ndi insulin.Pomaliza, chepetsani kudya nyama yofiyira ndipo yesani kudya zakudya zomanga thupi, monga nkhuku kapena nsomba.
3. Kuwongolera kulemera: Kunenepa kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri.Anthu onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga nthawi 20 mpaka 40 kuposa anthu onenepa.Matenda a shuga amatha kupewedwa ndikuwongolera mwakudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa "Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP)" ku United States, poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo cha placebo, odwala omwe adadutsa zaka zitatu za moyo (ILS) anali ndi kuchepetsa 58% chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga.Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti akatswiri apezanso kuti, pafupifupi, kilogalamu iliyonse yotayika imachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga ndi 16%, ndipo manambalawa ayenera kukhala okulimbikitsani kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
4. Kuyezetsa thanzi nthawi zonse: Kupimidwa pafupipafupi komanso kuyezetsa matenda a shuga kungakupatseni chidziwitso chokwanira ngati ndinu gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga.Kuwunika kwa matenda a shuga kuwunika "glycosylated hemoglobin” m’mwazi ndi “albumin” mkodzo.Ngati manambala awiriwa ndi apamwamba kuposa anthawi zonse, ndiye kuti mwina mukudwala matenda a shuga.Timapereka pulogalamu ya Diabetes kuti ithandizire kupewa, kuzindikira komanso kuchiza matenda a shuga.Kuyambira kuzindikira zizindikiro za prediabetes mpaka kuchiza matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi gestational shuga, titha kupereka chithandizo chofunikira komanso maphunziro kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuti odwala athe kubwerera ku moyo wabwinobwino momwe angathere.
Aehealth InsulinRapid Quantitative Test imagwiritsa ntchito immunofluorescence.Kuphatikiza ndiAehealth Lamuno XKusanthula kwa immunofluorescence, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira kulemba ndi kuzindikira matenda a shuga, kuti apereke mankhwala oyenera.
Kuyesa Mwamsanga: 5-15 min kupeza zotsatira;
Kutengera kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kusunga;
Zotsatira Zodalirika: Zogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
https://www.aehealthgroup.com/immunoassay-system/
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-16-2022